Core values
Notes and perspectives from the Value Proposition Studio.
Notes from the studio.
01 / Core values
Core values · Oct 5, 2026
Abercrombie & Fitch: from a premise that insulted to a premise that welcomes
In the 2000s Abercrombie & Fitch made exclusion its selling point, and by 2014 it was in decline. Under Fran Horowitz it changed its audience, its product and its tone, and reached record sales in the 2020s. A case on premise, repelling and the difference between filtering and insulting.
Read articleCore values · Sep 27, 2026
Coca-Cola Zero goes red: a textbook case of Value Swapping
In July 2026 Coca-Cola dressed Zero in the flagship red, finishing a move that began in 2016. How a brand keeps its core value and changes the product that carries it.
Positioning · Sep 17, 2026
Birkenstock: the orthopaedic sandal that fashion kept coming back to
A German maker of contoured footbeds became a fashion staple, starred in the Barbie film and listed in New York in October 2023. A case on a premise that stayed still while the culture moved toward it.
Pricing and scarcity · Aug 25, 2026
Labubu: Pop Mart made the rare thing easy to get, and the value left
Pop Mart scaled Labubu production a hundredfold and watched resale prices halve. A case on scarcity as the product, and why adding supply can destroy the value it was meant to serve.

Abercrombie & Fitch: from a premise that insulted to a premise that welcomes
In the 2000s Abercrombie & Fitch made exclusion its selling point, and by 2014 it was in decline. Under Fran Horowitz it changed its audience, its product and its tone, and reached record sales in the 2020s. A case on premise, repelling and the difference between filtering and insulting.
Core values · Positioning · Rebrand · In the news
Read articleCoca-Cola Zero goes red: a textbook case of Value Swapping
In July 2026 Coca-Cola dressed Zero in the flagship red, finishing a move that began in 2016. How a brand keeps its core value and changes the product that carries it.
Core values · Rebrand · In the news
Read articleBirkenstock: the orthopaedic sandal that fashion kept coming back to
A German maker of contoured footbeds became a fashion staple, starred in the Barbie film and listed in New York in October 2023. A case on a premise that stayed still while the culture moved toward it.
Positioning · Core values · In the news
Read articleLabubu: Pop Mart made the rare thing easy to get, and the value left
Pop Mart scaled Labubu production a hundredfold and watched resale prices halve. A case on scarcity as the product, and why adding supply can destroy the value it was meant to serve.
Pricing and scarcity · Autopsy · Core values · In the news
Read articleBrunello Cucinelli: a value proposition built as a village
Cucinelli sells cashmere at the top of luxury and declares a philosophy of dignified work, then pays for it in wages, buildings and a school. A case on core values, costly proof, and what a short seller's report tests.
Core values · Premise, promise, proof · Moat · In the news
Read articleGucci: three creative directors in three years, and the cost of resetting a house
Under Alessandro Michele, Gucci's sales nearly tripled. Then came a quiet reset, a second change of designer and two years of steep decline. A case on how a fashion house can evolve its values without losing its audience.
Core values · Rebrand · In the news
Read articleMeta named itself after a future, and a pair of glasses filled the name
In October 2021 Facebook, Inc. became Meta and promised to be metaverse-first. Five years later the name is carried by glasses and AI. A case on what a company name holds, and on which way value flows between a parent brand and its products.
Rebrand · Portfolio and rhyming · Core values · In the news
Read articleTupperware: the party built the brand, and the brand never found another room
Tupperware left the shops in the 1950s and sold through home parties for decades. When the parties faded the company tried the shelf twice, and in September 2024 it filed for bankruptcy. A case on a channel that carried the whole proposition.
Channels · Autopsy · Core values · In the news
Read articleTesla in Europe: when the founder's public persona becomes a core value
Tesla's European registrations fell steeply in 2025 while the electric car market grew. Several causes overlap, and one of them is the CEO's political profile. A case on what happens when a founder's persona becomes part of the brand's core values.
Core values · Positioning · In the news
Read articleSouthwest made free bags a promise, then started charging for them
In March 2025 Southwest Airlines announced fees for checked bags after years of advertising that they flew free, and in January 2026 it ended open seating. A case on what a brand loses when the promise it breaks was also its proof.
Premise, promise, proof · Core values · Pricing and scarcity · In the news
Read articleMoncler: how a down jacket for mountaineers climbed into luxury
Moncler was born in 1952 to equip people working at altitude. Under Remo Ruffini, from 2003, it became a luxury group with revenue above three billion euros. A case on climbing the Promise Ladder while keeping the first rung.
Premise, promise, proof · Core values · Brand history
Read articleHarley-Davidson: a brand worn as an identity, and the generation that wears it
Harley-Davidson turned a motorcycle into a way of life, with owners' clubs, a sound and a look. A case on core values that tie a brand to one generation, read through LiveWire and the 2024 dispute over diversity policies.
Core values · Adoption · In the news
Read articleSamsung spent a decade mocking Apple, and Apple stayed the reference
From queue jokes in 2011 to the UnCrush ad in 2024, Samsung has made Apple the subject of its advertising, then quietly deleted some ads once it made the same choices. A case on adversarial bandwagoning and the frame a challenger borrows.
Positioning · Core values · Brand history
Read articleBurberry went back to the trench coat, one rung down the ladder
After a hard 2023 and 2024, a new chief executive and an exit from the FTSE 100, Burberry's Burberry Forward plan returned to outerwear and British heritage. A case on core values and on the Promise Ladder of luxury.
Premise, promise, proof · Core values · In the news
Read articleCracker Barrel: the Old Timer was an asset, and the redesign spent it
In August 2025 Cracker Barrel took the man leaning on the barrel out of its logo and reversed the decision about a week later. A case on the core values an old identity carries, and what a rebrand removes along with the drawing.
Rebrand · Core values · Autopsy · In the news
Read articleFerrero and Kinder: how values pass down a family of brands
Kinder carries Ferrero's trust and adds childhood; Kinder Surprise adds play on top of both. A case on value inheritance in an umbrella architecture, and on the 2022 recall that showed the same channels carry damage.
Portfolio and rhyming · Core values · Brand history
Read articlePolaroid: the phone won the instant picture, and the slow print came back
Polaroid went bankrupt twice and stopped making film in 2008. A group of enthusiasts bought the last factory and relaunched a slower, less predictable product. A case on how a value wears out and how a new one can live in the same object.
Core values · Rebrand · Brand history
Read articleAirbnb's Belong Anywhere: a value promise, and the fees at the last screen
In 2014 Airbnb rebuilt its brand around belonging. Over the following decade cleaning fees and checkout chores tested that promise, until the company changed how it shows prices. A case on core values and proof.
Core values · Premise, promise, proof · Rebrand · Brand history
Read articleBarilla: the brand that promised home, at home and abroad
In Italy Barilla sells the family table; in the United States it sells Italy. A case on a fourth-rung promise, the narrow room it leaves, and what happens when a promise built for one market is read in another.
Premise, promise, proof · Channels · Core values · Brand history
Read articleDuolingo: the owl is the channel, and in 2025 it carried two messages
In February 2025 Duolingo staged the death of its mascot and won the internet for two weeks. In the spring an internal memo about becoming AI-first reached the same audience. A case on channels and the values a mascot carries.
Channels · Core values · In the news
Read articleCoca-Cola at Christmas: the brand that arrives when the joy is already there
For almost a century Coca-Cola has placed itself inside moments people already love, from Sundblom's Santa to the Christmas trucks. In 2024 and 2025 it remade the trucks with generative AI, and the reaction showed where this kind of brand power is fragile.
Positioning · Core values · In the news
Read articleMcDonald's has changed for fifty years, one value at a time
Calorie counts, espresso, fresh beef and a return to the value meal: McDonald's has added values under pressure without dropping the ones its customers came for. A case on how values evolve over long horizons.
Core values · Pricing and scarcity · Brand history
Read articleVictoria's Secret: retiring the Angels, then bringing them back on new terms
In 2021 Victoria's Secret retired its Angels and replaced them with a collective of accomplished women. In 2024 the runway show returned, Angels included, with a different cast and framing. A case on Value Swapping: when to change a value and when to change only what carries it.
Core values · Rebrand · In the news
Read articleGuinness and Gen Z: a slow pint becomes a game, and the kegs run short
Between 2023 and 2025 young drinkers in Britain turned the Guinness pour into a social ritual, and in December 2024 Diageo had to limit what some pubs could order. A case on rituals, adoption and what a shortage tests.
Adoption · Core values · In the news
Read articleTaylor's Version: how to out-build an asset you no longer own
Taylor Swift lost the masters of her first six albums and re-recorded them. Read as music on a staff, it is the cleanest rhyme in recent business history.
Portfolio and rhyming · Core values · In the news
Read articleDyson: one engineering value, carried from vacuums to hair, and where it stopped
Dyson moved from vacuum cleaners to fans, hairdryers and stylers on the strength of one value, and made that value visible in every product. A case on product proof, portable value, and the two launches that found its limit.
Portfolio and rhyming · Core values · Brand history
Read articleBalenciaga in 2022: a value without a boundary
In November 2022 two Balenciaga campaigns, one with children holding teddy-bear bags and one with a court ruling on child abuse imagery among the props, set off a global backlash. A case on core values, the limits they need, and the decisions that followed.
Core values · Autopsy · Brand history
Read articlePatagonia told customers not to buy its jacket, then gave the company away
On Black Friday 2011 Patagonia ran a full-page ad in The New York Times that said 'Don't Buy This Jacket'. In 2022 its owners transferred the company to a trust and a nonprofit. A case on proofs that cost, and values that hold under pressure.
Core values · Premise, promise, proof · Brand history
Read articleBottega Veneta left social media in 2021, and the conversation stayed
In January 2021 Bottega Veneta deleted its Instagram, Facebook and Twitter accounts without explanation. A case on a channel decision read as a value, and on letting other people carry your brand.
Channels · Core values · Brand history
Read articleNew Coke: the taste test was right, and the customers owned the value
In April 1985 Coca-Cola replaced its formula with a sweeter one that had won blind taste tests, and brought the original back 79 days later. A case on core values that belong to the customer, and what research cannot see.
Core values · Autopsy · Brand history
Read article
Futurespective: framing a company's values from the future
Hoang Huynh's assignment for the MIT Leadership and Innovation Masterclass (2019): an exercise in framing, using a futurespective to communicate values and company vision.
Core values · Value to Market
WatchLEGO went back to the brick, and its films and games finally rhymed
In the early 2000s LEGO diversified into parks, in-house games and toys with few bricks in them, and came close to collapse. A case on portfolio rhyming and on returning to the core you already own.
Portfolio and rhyming · Core values · Brand history
Read articleGillette, 2019: one word kept, a value changed, and a split audience
In January 2019 Gillette turned its thirty-year slogan into a question about men's behaviour. A case on evolving a core value, and on the risk of jumping to a new one in a single film.
Core values · Premise, promise, proof · Brand history
Read articleRolex explains nothing, and the market leans in
Rolex publishes no figures, changes its watches slowly and appears only where excellence has rules. A case on the steeple, the power figure of a brand that assumes its legitimacy, and on what it costs to keep the posture.
Moat · Core values · Brand history
Read articleGap's new logo lasted a week, because the blue box belonged to its customers
In October 2010 Gap replaced its blue box logo with a new wordmark and brought the old one back about a week later, after an online backlash. A case on the assets customers feel they own, and on asking them to fix what you changed.
Rebrand · Core values · Brand history
Read articleDove's Real Beauty: twenty years on a value, and the cost of every slip in proof
In 2004 Dove moved its brand from product claims onto a value: real beauty. A case on a brand that lives on one value, and on what happens when the proof around it slips.
Core values · Positioning · Brand history
Read articleCrocs owned the ugly clog, and the punchline became a business
Crocs went from a 2008 loss and years of jokes to record sales by leaning into the shoe everyone mocked. A case on a rejected value turned into a premise, on identity, and on the channels that carried both.
Core values · Channels · Positioning · Brand history
Read articleThink Different: Apple spoke its values a year before it could prove them
In 1997 Apple was losing money, its catalogue was a maze, and its first big campaign after Steve Jobs' return showed no computer at all. A case on core values as the first asset of a turnaround.
Core values · Positioning · Brand history
Read article- 01Abercrombie & Fitch: from a premise that insulted to a premise that welcomesCore values
- 02Coca-Cola Zero goes red: a textbook case of Value SwappingCore values
- 03Birkenstock: the orthopaedic sandal that fashion kept coming back toPositioning
- 04Labubu: Pop Mart made the rare thing easy to get, and the value leftPricing and scarcity
- 05Brunello Cucinelli: a value proposition built as a villageCore values
- 06Gucci: three creative directors in three years, and the cost of resetting a houseCore values
- 07Meta named itself after a future, and a pair of glasses filled the nameRebrand
- 08Tupperware: the party built the brand, and the brand never found another roomChannels
- 09Tesla in Europe: when the founder's public persona becomes a core valueCore values
- 10Southwest made free bags a promise, then started charging for themPremise, promise, proof
- 11Moncler: how a down jacket for mountaineers climbed into luxuryPremise, promise, proof
- 12Harley-Davidson: a brand worn as an identity, and the generation that wears itCore values
- 13Samsung spent a decade mocking Apple, and Apple stayed the referencePositioning
- 14Burberry went back to the trench coat, one rung down the ladderPremise, promise, proof
- 15Cracker Barrel: the Old Timer was an asset, and the redesign spent itRebrand
- 16Ferrero and Kinder: how values pass down a family of brandsPortfolio and rhyming
- 17Polaroid: the phone won the instant picture, and the slow print came backCore values
- 18Airbnb's Belong Anywhere: a value promise, and the fees at the last screenCore values
- 19Barilla: the brand that promised home, at home and abroadPremise, promise, proof
- 20Duolingo: the owl is the channel, and in 2025 it carried two messagesChannels
- 21Coca-Cola at Christmas: the brand that arrives when the joy is already therePositioning
- 22McDonald's has changed for fifty years, one value at a timeCore values
- 23Victoria's Secret: retiring the Angels, then bringing them back on new termsCore values
- 24Guinness and Gen Z: a slow pint becomes a game, and the kegs run shortAdoption
- 25Taylor's Version: how to out-build an asset you no longer ownPortfolio and rhyming
- 26Dyson: one engineering value, carried from vacuums to hair, and where it stoppedPortfolio and rhyming
- 27Balenciaga in 2022: a value without a boundaryCore values
- 28Patagonia told customers not to buy its jacket, then gave the company awayCore values
- 29Bottega Veneta left social media in 2021, and the conversation stayedChannels
- 30New Coke: the taste test was right, and the customers owned the valueCore values
- 31Futurespective: framing a company's values from the futureCore values
- 32LEGO went back to the brick, and its films and games finally rhymedPortfolio and rhyming
- 33Gillette, 2019: one word kept, a value changed, and a split audienceCore values
- 34Rolex explains nothing, and the market leans inMoat
- 35Gap's new logo lasted a week, because the blue box belonged to its customersRebrand
- 36Dove's Real Beauty: twenty years on a value, and the cost of every slip in proofCore values
- 37Crocs owned the ugly clog, and the punchline became a businessCore values
- 38Think Different: Apple spoke its values a year before it could prove themCore values
